Top, circular histogram showing head-centred distribution of fitted LMT internal direction values from one example session on the wagon-wheel track (left) and one example session on the linear track (right). Note that internal direction is bimodally distributed around the animal’s head direction (wagon wheel, 38.2° and 9.1° to either side, leftright alternation in 83.4% and 68.3% of theta cycles, n = 2 rats; linear track, 28.3° ± 8.3° to either side, leftright alternation in 78.1 ± 2.3% of theta cycles, mean ± s.e.m. from 7 rats), as in the open field (Fig. 2 ). Bottom, lines show sweeps averaged across each recording session during theta cycles that followed a left (red) or right (blue) sweep (wagon-wheel, 2 rats; linear track, 7 rats).