Accuracy of VI and EM models on recovering ground truth latent time and velocity. For each quantity, we provide results in the form of box plots ( n =1,074 genes) and scatter plots (VI model y axis, EM model x axis). Rate parameters were estimated by each model on the pancreas dataset. Following this, a subset of these parameters was used to simulate new data, which each model was fitted to. In these plots, each point corresponds to a gene, where the value is the correlation between the estimated time/velocity versus the ground truth. The color coding in the scatter plots indicates whether the simulated rate parameters were derived from the original EM or VI model fit. Box plots indicate the median (center line), interquartile range (hinges) and whiskers at 1.5x interquartile range.