Cumulative land-use CO 2 emissions, plotted relative to the year 2015, where lower cumulative emissions represent either avoided land-use emissions or land-based carbon removal relative to the baseline land-use emission scenario. For the temporary storage simulations, the cumulative land-use emissions returned to the baseline level after all stored carbon was re-emitted, whereas permanent storage resulted in lower cumulative land-use CO 2 emissions throughout the simulation. The shaded area in ( b ) illustrates the total number of tonne-years of storage achieved in the 2050 temporary storage scenario. Note that in both panels, overlapping lines are offset slightly for improved clarity. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
