Scatter Plot from Scientific Research

This modified funnel plot shows the residuals of the reported mean RR relative to 0, the null value, on the x axis and the residuals of the standard error, as estimated from both the reported standard error and gamma, relative to 0 on the y axis, for type 2 diabetes. The light-blue vertical interval corresponds to the 95% uncertainty interval incorporating between-study heterogeneity; the dark-blue vertical interval corresponds to the 95% uncertainty interval (UI) without between-study heterogeneity; the dots are each included observation; the red Xs are outliered observations; the gray dotted line reflects the null log(RR); the blue line is the mean log(RR) for SHS and the outcome of interest; the red line is the Burden of Proof function at the fifth quantile for these harmful riskoutcome associations.

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