Multilevel social network of the herd, presented as two networks overlaid, based on average proximity during observed collective movements. Top layer: Nodes (small circles) correspond to individuals, while colour denotes the harem they belong to or shown with grey for bachelors. Bonds (black lines) are based on averaged pairwise distances between individuals: an edge is drawn between two individuals if their averaged distance d < d th (for further details, see main text). Heavy connections depict close family ties. Bottom layer : Social network of harems, nodes (larger circles) correspond to harems (with matching colours of the individuals and size proportional to harem size), and edges (grey lines) show spatial proximity between harems.
