Percentage tracheal clearance at 10.5 min following instillation of radioactive tracer for ferrets evaluated in h. Data are mean ± s.e.m. for the n indicated in each graph (ALI cultures or animals). Statistical significance was determined by: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (a–c); two-way ANOVA for graphed genotypic differences and two-tailed Student’s t -test for rates (d); one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (e, g, h, j); ROI by t -tests with pooled s.d. by R and animal averages by paired one-tailed Student’s t -test (f). The numbers of independent ferrets used for each experiment were: 12 WT, 9 FOXI1 -KO (a); 10 WT, 8 FOXI1 -KO (b); 6 in each group (c, d); 9 WT, 10 FOXI1 -KO, 3 CFTR -KO (e); 8 in each group (f); 6 WT, 5 FOXI1 -KO, 4 CFTR -KO (g); 6 WT, 4 FOXI1 -KO, 3 CFTR -KO (h); 9 WT, 5 FOXI1 -KO, 9 CFTR (i, j). DIDS, 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid; NS, not significant; RT–qPCR, quantitative PCR with reverse transcription.