Microscopy from Scientific Research

– k Left, immunostaining of pachytene spermatocyte spreads derived from testes for SYCP1 ( i ), DMC1 ( j ), and MLH1 ( k , red) with SYCP3 (green). The arrows indicate synaptic ( i ) or crossover formation ( k ) defects. The circles indicate sex chromosomes. Scale bars, 10 μm. Right, quantification of synaptic defects on autosomes ( i ), DMC1 foci ( j ), or MLH1 foci ( k ) in pachytene spermatocytes. *** P < 0.001.

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