General health. Spikes represent the 95% CIs. Estimates are expressed in s.d. (from 0 mean), obtained from separate difference-in-differences regressions of a specific outcome on a treatment group indicator. We used the same specification as the benchmark model (Fig. 2 ), but the treatment indicator (wave 20 Melbourne) was interacted with four dummy variables, each of which presents a different exposure length to lockdown: fewer than 40 d; 40-70 d; 71-111 d; and the days after lockdown was lifted. Note that the vertical axes vary across panels. Each panel presents results for different outcomes. The sample sizes for each estimation are reported in Supplementary Table 16 . Supplementary Table 23 presents the full model results.
