In the future, the springtime downward migration may begin so early that omnivorous zooplankton can prey on the developing C. hyperboreus nauplii before they ascend 50. When they migrate into the under-ice habitat in autumn, zooplankton may have less carbon available due to a shorter productive period of ice algae. At high latitudes, a longer starvation period between the end of the phytoplankton bloom and the delayed migration into the under-ice habitat at the onset of polar night could additionally reduce winter survival of zooplankton. The intensity of the green-brown shading in sea ice symbolizes relative changes in ice algae-produced carbon stocks. The green shading of phytoplankton blooms is not scaled to productivity or biomass. DVM, diel vertical migration during the twilight period. Figure not drawn to scale. This figure is based on scenarios shown in Soreide et al. 56, Leu et al. 47, Wassmann and Reigstad 4 and Ardyna and Arrigo 6, under a Creative Commons License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
