Treating resting human T cells with Cas9-EDVs co-displaying CD3 and CD28 scFvs results in proliferation as measured by fold expansion relative to the untreated T cell count, respectively. CD25 expression and cellular proliferation was observed for CD3/CD28 scFv Cas9-EDVs, regardless of whether they packaged Cas9 RNPs targeting PDCD1 or a non-targeting control.
