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Upon ultrafast laser excitation of the FM, an excess of FM magnetization M arises, leading to S accumulation S , L accumulation L and the injection of spin and orbital currents jS and jL, respectively, into the PM. Various bulk and interfacial LCC and SCC processes generate an ultrafast in-plane charge current jC that emits a terahertz electromagnetic pulse with electric-field amplitude E ( t ) versus time t directly behind the sample.

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