MFE for RNA–RNA interactions detected using KARR-seq, PARIS and RIC-seq within TERC and U1 transcripts, respectively. Interactions were grouped into ‘secondary’, ‘tertiary’ and ‘novel’. ‘Secondary’ refers to the interactions that match secondary structure prediction. ‘Tertiary’ refers to spatially proximal RNA regions revealed by the cryo-EM structure that do not correspond to secondary structures. ‘Novel’ refers to interactions that are not supported by secondary structures or cryo-EM structures.