Euler diagrams of overlaps between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), i.e. genes differentially expressed between the two time-points TP1 and TP2 within treatments and shared between R queens (eggs removed) and C queens (eggs removed and replaced) for brain. Asterisks (*), significant overlap in DEGs (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). Upregulated DEGs: DEGs significantly more expressed in TP2G than TP1G, i.e. that increase expression with queen relative age; downregulated DEGs: DEGs significantly more expressed in TP1G than TP2G, i.e. that decrease expression with queen relative age. Results of statistical tests are in Additional file 2 : Table S7 and identities of overlapping genes are in Additional file 2 : Table S8. Sample sizes: brain: R:TP1G ( N = 6), R:TP2G ( N = 5); C:TP1G ( N = 6), C:TP2G ( N = 5)