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Patient cohort description. Phenotyping algorithm to define HF cohorts. HF patients were selected with hospital visits over a time span of 13 years at the University Hospital Heidelberg. We defined a general HF cohort by selecting patients with either two or more HF relevant ICD-10 codes or one HF relevant ICD-10 code and one additional HF relevant clinical characteristic, yielding 29,047 HF patients. Based on LvEF, we subclassified HF patients to HFrEF, HFmrEF, or HFpEF. RWH Research Data Warehouse, HF heart failure, LvEF left ventricular ejection fraction; e/e is the ratio between early mitral inflow velocity and mitral annular early diastolic velocity on echocardiography

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