Line Plot from Scientific Research

The electric field (F) in the perovskite layer under SC conditions with (solid lines) and without (dotted lines) the inclusion of mobile ions. In the case without mobile ions, the built-in field is distributed uniformly across the perovskite layer, driving efficient charge extraction at SC. By contrast, in the case with mobile ions, the electric field is restricted to narrow accumulation and depletion regions at the interfaces between the perovskite and the transport materials, creating a field-free region in the perovskite bulk.

DOI