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Schematics of closed-loop neuromodulation of the PirC with OB-derived gamma oscillations in real time. Orange circles represent miniature machine screws as cathodal (i.e., returning) electrodes. Squares indicate temporal cranial windows through which the recording and stimulating electrodes were introduced. Blue ones were for the PirC and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), while purple ones were for OB. Abbreviations: DeMUX, demultiplexing, artifacts were removed from the selected channel X (from OB) by subtracting averaged signals in the left (Y) and right (Z) PirC, and lateral entorhinal cortex/ventral hippocampus (L).

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