Illustration from Scientific Research

Schematic showing the growth of an SCL region (in green) from a nucleation site within the TPD interlayer towards the top and bottom TCTA layers (growth direction marked with green arrows). This results in the development of the first surface undulation triggered under the applied thermal stresses (marked with black arrows). Notice the periodic onset of further secondary undulations as the cylindrical-shaped SCL region extends radially and mechanical instabilities develop.

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