Longitudinal memory. Interaction time x all three pathologies (binarized) was used in the same model to examine the independent effects of each pathology on cognitive progression while adjusting for age, sex and education. Outcomes were z-scored cognitive tests. Red indicates significant association between pathology and worse cognitive decline. The effect of LB on clinical outcomes with/without adjusting for Aβ and tau is shown in Extended Data Table 3. Dot/center indicates the interaction estimate of time x pathology; error bars 95% CI. In total, 941 participants were AD – /LB –, 74 AD – /LB +, 147 AD + /LB – and 20 AD + /LB +; 94 were LB +, 304 Aβ + and 195 tau +. Statistical analyses with corrections for multiple comparisons are shown in Supplementary Fig. 3 (all significant differences/associations were still significant after correction). Missing data shown in Supplementary Table 2. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (two-sided).
