Percent of L4-stage animals surviving hypoxia (0.1% O 2 , 48 h at 25 C on food, with 24 h recovery at 20 C) after supplementation with the indicated metabolites. Error bars indicate mean SEM. ** p = 0.0040, * p = 0.0149 ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison two-sided test between each supplement and the no-supplement control. N = 7 biological replicates for untreated wild type and hif-1 mutant. N = 3 biological replicates for oxaloacetate-treated wild type and hif-1 . N = 4 biological replicates for PEP-treated wild type and hif-1 . Although PEP partially rescued hif-1 mutants, oxaloacetate, which would hypothetically feed into the malate dismutation pathway downstream of PCK-1, did not.
