WT or Pd-1h -/- BMMNCs were co-cultured in transwell plates with either medium only, 5TGM1-EV or MMP-13 KD cells for OCLs followed by TRAP staining. Nuclei number per OCL, OCL size, and OCL number per field were determined as above. Nuclei number per OCL: WT MNC control n = 73 cells; WT MNC + 5TGM1 EV n = 59 cells; WT MNC + 5TGM1 KD n = 62 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC control n = 52 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC + 5TGM1 EV n = 25 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC + 5TGM1 KD n = 67 cells. OCL size: WT MNC control n = 70 cells; WT MNC + 5TGM1 EV n = 68 cells; WT MNC + 5TGM1 KD n = 64 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC control n = 58 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC + 5TGM1 EV n = 29 cells; Pd-1h -/- MNC + 5TGM1 KD n = 65 cells. OCL number per field: n = 8 random fields. Mean ± SEM. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 by one-way ANOVA.