Line Plot from Scientific Research

Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality from all causes. A nonlinear relationship of current alcohol consumption (as a continuous variable) with all-cause mortality (p < 0.05 for the nonlinear test), using maximally adjusted estimates (adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and physician-diagnosed diseases (heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis). That indicates that alcohol consumption had a J-shaped association with risk of all-cause mortality. HR, hazard ratio

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