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Cutotype-specific correlations between compositional, functional, metabolomic features, and PAH exposure. Each node represents a feature and is colored by feature type and sized by node degree. Blue and orange edges represent those in cutotypes 1 and 2, respectively. Solid and dashed edges represent positive and negative correlations, respectively, with line thickness representing the absolute value of the Spearman’s correlation. Only metabolites considered enriched in the polluted city of Baoding [ 11 ] are shown to enhance visual clarity. Nodes connected to N -acetylglutamine are circled to highlight a cluster of Corynebacterium taxa. The species-level taxonomy of these Corynebacterium nodes, as well as all other significant correlations, can be found in Supplementary Table 5 . The multivariate analysis was performed using HallA. Correlations with corrected q value <= 0.25 are statistically significant [ 30 ], and only those with a Spearman’s correlation >|0.25| were included in analysis

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