Percentage of proliferating AEC II (CD31/45 neg EpCam + T1α neg Ki67 + ) analyzed by flow cytometry. BMDM1 and BMDM2 were flow-sorted from BALF of IAV-infected WT mice at D7 and D21, respectively for experiments in ( a )–( j ). Groups: no cells (n = 4), BMDM1 (n = 10), BMDM2 (n = 10) (*** p < 0.0001, * p = 0.0236). Bar graphs are representative of three independent experiments showing means ± SEM and individual data points. Statistical significance was calculated using one-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests except in ( d ) where Dunnett’s post-test was used, and ( e ), ( i ) where Brown Forsythe and Welch ANOVA followed by Games–Howell’s test was used. In ( d ) and ( e ), single data points represent means of organoid numbers and diameters per well. BMDM bone marrow-derived macrophage, ACE alveolar epithelial cell, BALO bronchoalveolar lung organoid, D day. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.