Workflow of integrated transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association studies of kidney function and damage. We performed TWAS (gray boxes) and PWAS (orange box) using genetic instruments to model life-long differences in transcript expression and protein abundance and their effect on kidney function and damage (eGFRcr, eGFRcys, BUN, and ACR). Significant TWAS / PWAS associations which additionally displayed statistical colocalization of the kidney function / damage GWAS and the transcript / protein GWAS (eQTLs, pQTLs) were moved forward and compared across genomic regions and kidney function traits. Conditional analyses were used to prioritize genes and tissues of origin per genomic region. Putative treatment targets were pharmacologically annotated. Icon credit: Servier Medical Art by Servier (licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License)
