Microscopy from Scientific Research

NS-TEM images of A. baumannii before (a) and after (b-l) treatment or incubation with protein nanospears, P-AB2-L for 60 min at a lethal concentration (2MIC). Nanospears were observed to wrap around and interact with bacteria cells, and the cell envelope appeared distorted and disrupted. b) Attachment or adherence, c) engulfment (macrophage-like capture), d) partial penetration of cell ends (distal poles), e) cell lysis (rupture) from cell ends, f) cell stretching, g) cell edge ripping and surface puncturing, h) hole formation, i) envelope fragmentation, j) cell fragments, k) envelope deformation, and l) complete penetration of cell surface were observed. Schematic representations of different modalities are shown above, corresponding morphological changes or effects demonstrated by nanospears against bacteria as easy guides. Microscopy images are representative of three independent experiments (n= 3).

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