Illustration from Scientific Research

Illustration of components that contribute to trajectory deviation. Larvae rotate their bodies starting from bout initial (blue) and reach peak angular velocity (asterisk) before peak speed. Any rotation generated during decrease of angular velocity is considered residual (gray). At time of peak speed, there is an offset between the pitch angle (dashed line) and bout trajectory (arrow), which is termed the attack angle (orange). Body rotations, residual, and attack angle add up to trajectory deviation.

DOI