mean shoot15N content with neighboring plants separated. -/- denotes systems where both plants were not exposed to aphids; +/+ denotes systems where both plants were exposed to aphids; +/- denotes systems where one plant was exposed to aphids (gray bars represent the unexposed plants in those systems, whereas striped bars represent the aphid-exposed plants; L and R indicate left and right plants in neighboring plant pairs). (A-C) n = 5 for all treatments except -/+: - aphids and -/+: + aphids, where n = 10. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatment means (where p < 0.05, linear mixed-effect model), and ns denotes non-significance. See also Tables S3 and S4.
