The difference of the approximated ALSFRS-R transition between the participants belonging to the optimal-responder and suboptimal-responder in vitro groups. Fitting curves (red and gray curves show the mean approximated ALSFRS-R of each group, and light red and gray curves show individual approximated ALSFRS-R), which were calculated by the nonlinear least square method using individual ALSFRS-R time-series data of the participants, are shown. Boxplot, dot plot, and violin plot are overlaid, and boxplot shows lower and upper quartiles, median, and its whiskers show Q1/Q3 +- 1.5 * IQR values.*,**, and*** represent statistical significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively. ALSFRS-R, revised ALS functional rating scale; IQR, interquartile range; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CTRaS, chemically transitional embryoid-body-like state; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LMN, lower motor neuron; ROPI, ropinirole hydrochloride; SALS, sporadic ALS; SEM, standard error of the mean.
