UMAP of fibroblast-dominated clusters from the jointly embedded HLCA core and mapped healthy lung dataset, colored by spatial cluster, with cells outside of the indicated clusters colored in gray. For all boxplots, the boxes show the median and interquartile range. Data points more than 1.5 times the interquartile range outside the low and high quartile are considered outliers. In c, these are not shown (see Supplementary Fig. 6 for full results), whereas in e, they are shown. Whiskers extend to the furthest nonoutlier point. corr., corrected; FVC, forced vital capacity; MAIT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells; NKT cells, natural killer T cells.