Orchard plots for the overall effect size for variance in reproductive investment responses to an immune challenge. Positive lnCVR indicates increased variance in the treatment group. Each plot includes the mean effect size (open circle), 95% confidence interval (thick error bars around the mean effect size), 95% prediction interval (thin error bars), and the distribution of individual effect sizes (with the size of the points corresponding their precision). X axes were truncated at - 2 and 2 to improve the visibility of the summary plots (i.e. mean point estimates, confidence intervals, and prediction intervals). See supplementary figure S4 (Additional file 3 ) for untruncated versions of the plots
