Distribution of MPDS protocols (first element of the MPDS code, chief complaint) and proportion of low-acuity calls in 2021. Source: Data of the EMS Berlin. Protocols: 1: Abdominal pain, 2: Allergies / envenomations, 3: Animal bites / attacks, 4: Assault / sexual assault, 5: Back pain, 6: Breathing problems, 7: Burns / explosions, 8: Carbon Monoxide / inhalation, 9: Cardiac or respiratory arrest / death, 10: Chest pain, 11: Choking, 12: Convulsions / seizures, 13: Diabetic problems, 14: Drowning / diving, 15: Electrocution / lightning, 16: Eye problems, 17: Falls, 18: Headache, 19: Heart problems, 20: Heat / cold exposure, 21: Hemorrhage / lacerations, 22: Inaccessible incident, 23: Overdose / poisoning, 24: Pregnancy / childbirth / miscarriage, 25: Psychiatric / suicide attempt, 26: Sick person, 27: Stab / gunshot / penetrating trauma, 28: Stroke / transient ischemic attack, 29: Traffic incidents, 30: Traumatic injuries, 31: Unconscious / fainting, 32: Unknown problem, 33: Inter-facility transfer / palliative care, 34: Automatic crash notification, 35: Health-care practitioner referral, 36: Pandemic / epidemic / outbreak, 37: Inter-facility transfer specific to medically trained callers
