Forest Plot from Scientific Research

Models were adjusted for age using a four-knot cubic spline, except for estimation of relative hazard of death by age group; adjusted for sex, except for estimation of relative hazard of death by sex; and stratified by region. The three columns on the right present the fold-change in HR for COVID-19-related death in each wave compared with wave one. Equivalent data relating to wave five are shown in theappendix (pp 1416). CKD=chronic kidney disease. HR=hazard ratio. RRT=renal replacement therapy.

DOI