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Schematic of the study groups. Individuals without (n = 98) and with prior COVID-19 (n = 21) received two doses of mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (vaccination only, n = 35; hybrid immunity, n = 9; blue) or mRNA-1273 (vaccination only, n = 19; hybrid immunity, n = 1; pink), one dose of the vector DNA Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (vaccination only, n = 25; hybrid immunity, n = 8; yellow), or two doses of the vector DNA vaccine AZD1222 (vaccination only, n = 19; hybrid immunity, n = 3; violet). Blood was collected after the first and second dose of a vaccine.

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