Respiratory exchange ratio (RER; VCO2/VO2) (H)and energy expenditure (EE) (I)was measured by indirect calorimetry by using the TSE system in F1F3adult male offspring. CD+Veh (F1: n = 8 litters = 4; F2: n = 4, litters = 4; F3: n = 4, litters = 4); CD+DHT (F1: n = 8, litters = 4; F2: n = 4, litters = 4; F3: n = 4, litters = 4); HFHS+Veh (F1: n = 8, litters = 4; F2: n = 4, litters = 4; F3: n = 4, litters = 4); and HFHS+DHT (F1: n = 8, litters = 5; F2: n = 4, litters = 4; F3: n = 4, litters = 4). Lineage: CD+Veh, maternal control diet + vehicle exposure; CD+DHT, maternal control diet + dihydrotestosterone exposure; HFHS+Veh, maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet + vehicle exposure. Comparison between the groups were performed using linear mixed-effects models and non-repeated measures (ANODE, R package car) except for (D), where linear mixed-effects models with repeated measure was used. #, CD+Veh vs.HFHS+Veh; , HFHS+Veh vs.HFHS+DHT. Each dot represents one offspring mouse. All data are presented as mean SEM.
