Representative images of the mitochondrial sheath of sperm from testis in F1, F2, and F3male offspring. Yellow arrows: normal mitochondria, and red arrows: abnormal mitochondria. Scale bar: 5 μm. Lineage: control: CD+Veh, maternal control diet + vehicle exposure; androgenized: CD+DHT, maternal control diet + dihydrotestosterone exposure; obese: HFHS+Veh, maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet + vehicle exposure; and the obese and androgenized: HFHS+DHT, maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet + dihydrotestosterone exposure. Comparison between the groups was performed using linear mixed-effects models and non-repeated measures (ANODE, R package car). Each dot represents one offspring mouse. All data are presented as mean ± SEM.
