ELISA screening of plasma IgG bound to A33 and A27 of VACV and A35, A29, B6, H3, and A26 of MPXV. All plasma were diluted at 1: 100. The positive cut-off was set as 0.3, which was more than 2-fold higher than background. Data were presented in mean standard deviation. Statistical significances were performed using two-tailed paired Wilcoxon test for mean values and two-sided binomial test for positive rates using R 4.1.3. **** P < 0.0001; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05; ns not significant. Commercial pAbs were used as positive control. VRC01, an HIV-1 mAb, was used as negative control. Data were means of two independent experiments.