Line Plot from Scientific Research

Neutron-star mass (M NS ) versus radius (R NS ) constraints calculated from the (1 + z ) 95% confidence intervals shown in a. The limits for neutron-star compactness determined using other astrophysical observables are also shown, that is, from individual merger events 62, 63, quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries 64 and pulsar radio timing combined with X-ray pulse-profile modelling 65, along with the unphysical region excluded by causality 66 (shown in black).

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