E. coli b17 recovery in mouse feces indicates increased SNIPR001 effect with increased dose; color legend and group sizes are the same as in c. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; statistical analyses were performed using two-sided Kruskal Wallis tests for comparison of all SNIPR001-treated groups, two-sided Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of treated groups with vehicle corrected using Holm’s method separately for each day. The exact P values are shown in Extended Data Table 5. Recovery is measured in CFU per gram feces, with a LOD of 371 CFU g -1 feces. Animals that have begun SNIPR001 treatment are indicated in green, others in gray.