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Schematic description of the chemically fueled transient dispersion-precipitation cycle for AuNP-1in water through a dissipative reaction network. On-particle alpha-hydroxysulfonate formation converts AuNP-1into AuNP-2, thereby resulting in transient dispersion of these nanoparticles in water. In situ production of the fuel, formaldehyde, by acid-catalyzed decomposition of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), leads to re-aggregation on a timescale that is tunable according to the solution pH value.

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