Cumulative death rates were adjusted for age profile and prevalence of key comorbidities. The resulting standardised cumulative rates reflect the cumulative death rate if each state had the national age profile and prevalence of comorbidities. Ranks are shown in parentheses. Comorbidities were proxied using the first component of a principal component analysis of asthma, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, BMI, and smoking prevalence. The values expressed in the age and comorbidity profile columns represent the size of the adjustment (in deaths per 100 000) had a state exhibited the national pattern; positive values indicate that a state is younger or healthier than the nation as a whole, such that standardising the cumulative death rate to the national mean is associated with an increase in the cumulative death rate. The estimates were standardised for age by indirect age-standardisation, while comorbidities were adjusted with use of linear regression.
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