COVID-19 vaccination uptake (at least one dose) at the end of October 2021 was extracted from the Finnish Vaccination Register for each individual aged 30–80 years and living in Finland. A comprehensive collection of potential predictors was extracted (at the end of 2019, except for vaccination status of relatives, for which data up to the end of October 2021 were used) from nationwide registries, totalling 2,890 potential predictors across 12 manually defined predictor categories. The genetics of COVID-19 vaccination uptake was studied in a subsample of individuals of the total study population (FinnGen participants) and replicated in Estonia Biobank. Machine learning was then used to identify the predictors and predictor categories that best predict vaccination uptake in the test set. Panel a created with BioRender.com .
