Scatter Plot from Scientific Research

Summary of results obtained from weighted ( α̂w ) and standard ( α̂ ) MR. MR estimates subject to overestimation ( |α̂| - |α̂w| > 0.1 ) as a result of participation bias are highlighted in violet. MR estimates subject to underestimation ( |α̂| - |α̂w| < -0.1 ) are highlighted in cyan. The asterisks highlight results where α̂ and α̂w showed significant ( P FDR < 0.05) differences. The error bars (b) indicate the 95% confidence intervals corresponding to α̂ and α̂w . All P values are from two-sided tests and are corrected for multiple testing using FDR correction (controlled at 5%).

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