Pooled DNA-SUBs were administered to KP (tumour, T) and healthy control B6 mice (control, C) at 7.5 and 12 weeks after tumour initiation. Urine samples were collected at 1 h after sensor administration and Cas12a trans -cleavage assays were performed against each DNA barcode with the fluorophore-quencher paired reporter (at 7.5 weeks, n = 12 mice per tumour group; n = 9 mice per control group; mean s.e.m. unpaired two-tailed t -test with Welch’s correction, * P = 0.044 for PAP9; at 12 weeks, n = 9 mice per tumour group; n = 8 mice per control group; mean s.e.m., unpaired two-tailed t -test with Welch’s correction, ** P = 0.004 for PAP9, * P = 0.045 for PAP15). The initial reaction velocity ( V 0 ) refers to the slope of the curve at the beginning of a reaction.