Hydration status, water and fluid intakes categorically with 2-year changes in global cognitive function ( z -scores). Data are presented as beta-coefficients and 95% CI. Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for baseline covariates, including baseline GCF score, age (years), sex, intervention PREDIMED-Plus randomized group, and participating center (for hydration status: 100, 100 to < 150, 150 to < 200, > 200 participants; for fluid-related exposures: 100, 100 to < 200, 200 to < 300, > 300 participants), body mass index (kg/m 2 ), educational level (primary, secondary, or college), civil status (single, divorced or separated, married, widower), smoking habit (current, former, or never), physical activity (METs/min/day), sleep status (hours per day), depressive symptomatology (yes/no), diabetes prevalence (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), hypercholesterolemia (yes/no), energy intake (kcal/day), alcohol consumption in g/day (and adding the quadratic term), and caffeine intake (mg/day). a Hydration status refers to serum osmolarity, where dehydration, impending dehydration, and hydrated statuses were defined as SOSM > 300, 295-300, and < 295 mmol/L, respectively. b Drinking water refers to tap and bottled water intakes. c Water, all fluids refers to tap and bottled water, plus water from other beverages and fluid food sources, such as soups and smoothies. d Total water refers to water from all fluids in addition to water present in food sources. e EFSA TFWI refers to the recommended levels of total fluid water intake for older adults at 2.0 L/day and 1.6 L/day for men and women, respectively. f EFSA TWI refers to the recommended levels of total water intake, from fluids and foods, for older adults at 2.5 L/day and 2.0 L/day for men and women, respectively. Abbreviations : EFSA, European Food Safety Authority; TFWI, total fluid water intake; TWI, total water intake; SOSM, serum osmolarity
