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Relative gene ages are inferred based on the principles of genomic phylostratigraphy, where each gene of the focal species is compared against a sequence database to find the most distantly related homolog. However, gene age inferences should also take into account the presence or absence of homologs throughout all the intermediate nodes between the focal species and the most distant homolog to distinguish putative gene losses from putative genome contaminations and horizontal gene transfer events.

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