Workflow from Scientific Research

Top: overview of the mechanism for engagement and processing of polyubiquitinated substrates by Cdc48-UN. A substrate (green) is targeted to Cdc48 (blue) through the recognition of attached polyubiquitin chains (gray) by the Npl4 (orange) and Ufd1 (not pictured) cofactor proteins. The ubiquitin serving as the initiator (red) unfolds and its N terminus inserts into the Cdc48 pore. Following substrate engagement, Cdc48 uses ATP hydrolysis to translocate and unfold ubiquitins and the attached substrate polypeptide. Bottom: schematic of a substrate during initiation, with the initiator ubiquitin shown in red. Relative to the initiator, ubiquitin moieties toward the substrate are proximal and ubiquitins on the other side are called distal.

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