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Model scheme. Neuronal precursors divide and differentiate. Oncogenic events at ECA and MRCA cause the outgrowth of premalignant (ECA) and malignant (MRCA) clones. Cells divide at rate lambda and differentiate at rate delta ; oncogenic mutations reduce the loss rate by a factor 1/ r (first event) and 1/ s (second event). Neutral SSNVs are acquired at rate mu lambda in each cell while driver mutations are acquired at lower rates mu 1 lambda (corresponding to the first oncogenic event and defining the ECA of the tumor) and mu 2 lambda (corresponding to the second oncogenic event and defining the MRCA of the tumor).

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