The panels show the distribution of log 2 ( ratios) and F ST values that were calculated in 40-kb windows and 20-kb steps in mid- and high-altitude populations compared with low-altitude populations. The points in red (corresponding to the top 1% of the log 2 ( ratios) distribution and the top 1% of the F ST value distribution) are genomic regions identified to be under selection in one mid-altitude population (NeiMonggol (NMG, ~ 1000 m)), and two high-altitude populations (GanSu (GS, ~ 2000 m), and Qinghai (QH, ~ 2600 m)). The ~ 1000 m (NMG) population was compared with three low populations (HB, HEB, and HN: altitude under ~ 300 m), the ~ 2000 m (GS) population was compared with three low populations and the NMG population, and the ~ 2600 m (QH) population compared with three low populations, the NMG population, and the GS population. The genes in red functioned by responding to hypoxia or UV, which are important for high-altitude adaptation in lizards. The PHF14 gene was verified by cell experiments. The explanation of other highlighted genes were shown in Fig. 3 legend.
