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Examples of embryos with homozygous null mutations of genes associated with both microphthalmia (A – G) and anophthalmia (A’ – G’) at different stages of development. Typically developing mice (WT, A – D) on C57BL/6N background are shown in Fig. 1. Note the presence of additional anomalies such as short or absent mandible (C’, D, D’, E, E’, F, F’), oral cleft (D, E, E’, G, G’), exencephaly (G, G’), and moderate to severe edema (D, D’, E’).

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