Illustration from Scientific Research

DNA replication in human cells. Polymerase synthesizes the leading strand while polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of the lagging strand [ 28 ]. Both polymerases start the synthesis from the replication origin (ORI) after replication is initiated by the origin recognition complex (ORC). Damage in the exonuclease domain of polymerase leads to an increased mutation rate with a preference for C->A mutation in the TxT context, observed as T C T->T A T, in the newly replicated strand. This creates an asymmetric pattern of TCT>TAT and AGA>ATA in the vicinity of replication origins.

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